2.Their butts
3.16,000
4.60mph
5.17 and 43
Monday, November 15, 2010
5 QUESTIONS ASKED FROM THE PREVIOUS REVISION
A human being loses and average of ________ strands of hair a day.
What do turtles and sea cucumbers breathe through?
An average human drinks about ____________ gallons of in a lifetime.
A cough releases an explosive charge of air that moves at speeds up to _________.
It takes _____ muscles to smile and _____ to frown.
ENGLISH WORDS THAT DESCRIBE BEHAVIOR
B
bad-tempered = in a bad mood: "What's got into him lately? He's so bad-tempered."
big-headed = thinking you're very important or clever: "I've never met anyone so big-headed!"
bossy = telling people what to do all the time: "He's so bossy - he never lets me do things the way I want to do them."
C
careless = not taking care: "He's a careless driver – "I'm sure he'll have an accident."
caring = wanting to help people: "My boss is caring and often asks me how things are going."
catty = saying nasty or spiteful things about other people: "I know you don't like her, but calling her names is a bit catty."
cautious = being careful, so that you avoid mistakes: "He's cautious about investing money in the stock market."
charming = pleasant and likeable: "What a charming man!"
cheeky = being rude or disrespectful: "It was a bit cheeky of him to ask for more money."
clever = intelligent: "She's a clever student and picks things up quickly."
conceited = thinking you're very clever, or better than others: "He's so conceited – he thinks everyone should admire him."
conscientious = doing something carefully, because you want to do it well: "She's a conscientious student and always does her homework."
considerate = thinking and caring about others: "My neighbour brought me flowers when I was in hospital – he's very considerate." ("That was considerate of him.")
coy = pretending to be shy so that you don't have to give information: "He's very coy about his qualifications – maybe he doesn't have any."
creative = someone who can make or design things, or can think of solutions to a problem: "She's creative and artistic."
curious = wanting to know things: "I'm curious to find out what you think of the situation."
D
deceitful = trying to make people think something, so that you get what you want: "He lied to get this job – he's so deceitful."
docile = quiet and submissive: "She's a docile child and always does what she's told."
dogmatic = wanting others to accept your ideas without discussion: "He's a dogmatic politician and always thinks he's right."
domineering = trying to control other people: "He's loud and domineering in the office – it's difficult to get him to listen to us."
E
enthusiastic = having a lot of interest in something: "He's an enthusiastic supporter of equal rights."
excitable = someone who easily gets excited: "He gets very excitable about politics – it's one of his passions in life."
extroverted = outgoing and lively: "She's extroverted and loves going out with people."
F
faithful = being loyal to someone or something: "She's a faithful friend."
fickle = changing your mind and being unpredictable: "Politicians can be fickle when it suits them!"
flaky = slightly unstable and unreliable: "She's a little flaky at times, but otherwise she's a good worker."
full of himself = acting proud of yourself: "He was full of himself after he got the promotion – it got annoying after a while."
funny = making other people laugh: "He can be extremely funny when he's in the mood."
fussy = only liking certain things: "She's fussy about what she wears."
G
good-natured = kind and thoughtful: "She's good-natured and always tries to help."
grumpy = someone who tends to be in a bad mood: "He's always grumpy in the morning and never says 'hello'."
H
happy-go-lucky = not worrying about what might happen in the future: "He's a bit happy-go-lucky and doesn't think about the future."
I
impulsive = doing things without thinking first: "If he sees something he likes, he just buys it – he can be so impulsive at times!"
inconsiderate = not considering other people or their feelings: "It was a little inconsiderate of him not to give you a get-well card."
introverted = opposite of extroverted: "He was introverted as a teenager, but became more confident as he got older."
inventive = able to think up new ideas: "As head of Marketing, he can often think of inventive ways to keep his customers happy."
irritating = annoying others: "He can be very irritating to work with."
J
jokey = making jokes: "You're in a jokey mood today, but we've got work to do!"
jolly = happy and cheerful: "It was the weekend and everyone was in a jolly mood."
K
kind = thoughtful and caring: "My neighbour is kind – she looked after my cat when I was on holiday."
L
loud-mouthed = someone who talks a lot and often says offensive things: "Don't worry about what he said – he's loud-mouthed at times."
loyal = someone who is faithful and stands by you: "His colleagues were loyal to him when he was having problems with his boss."
M
manic = behaving in a slightly crazy way: "We're a bit manic at the moment – we're rushing to finish the work before our deadline."
manipulative = trying to get people to do what you want, by influencing or deceiving them: "She's very manipulative when she wants something."
moody = having unpredictable moods: "Some people think he's moody – you never know if he's happy or grumpy."
N
nervous = uncomfortable with a situation: "I'm always nervous before an exam."
O
old-fashioned = behaving or thinking in a way that isn't modern: "He's a bit old-fashioned and thinks women shouldn't work."
opinionated = having strong opinions: "He's opinionated and dogmatic – the last person you want to negotiate with."
P
passive = not assertive – doing what other people want you to do without arguing: "He's passive at work, but domineering at home."
perfectionist = someone who wants perfection: "Her boss is a perfectionnist – no spelling mistakes are allowed."
persuasive = being able to persuade people to do things or to accept your ideas: "He's a persuasive talker."
picky = only liking certain things or people: "She's picky about her friends."
playful = someone who likes to play and have fun: "You're in a playful mood today!"
pleasant = nice and polite: "The bank manager was pleasant to me today."
polite = showing good manners: "She's polite and never forgets to say 'please' or 'thank you'."
pragmatic = being practical and aware of your limitations: "She's pragmatic at work and only does what she can."
Q
quick-tempered = getting angry quickly: "He was quick-tempered when he was young, but he's more relaxed now."
R
reserved = keeping your ideas and thoughts to yourself: "He's reserved, but polite."
rude = impolite: "He's very rude and never says 'please' or 'thank you'."
S
scatter-brained / scatty = someone who often forgets things: "Don't you remember where you put your wallet? You're so scatter-brained!"
serious = not light-hearted: "He's a serious student and always does his homework."
shy = quiet, because you are not very confident: "He's so shy and hates saying anything to people he doesn't know."
sincere = saying what you believe (opposite of insincere): "He's sincere in his beliefs."
slapdash = doing your work quickly and carelessly: "He's got a very slapdash attitude – I doubt he'll ever become a lawyer."
slimy = trying to get what you want by being over-friendly: "That man is so slimy – he makes me feel sick!"
sly = doing things in a secretive way: "You never know what he's up to – he's sly and manipulative."
spiteful = trying to hurt other people because you didn't get what you wanted: "If she doesn't get what she wants, she can be quite spiteful."
T
thoughtful = someone who thinks a lot: "He's a thoughtful person and won't do anything unless he has considered the consequences."
thoughtless = not thinking about people or the consequences of your actions: "I'm sure he didn't mean to be rude – he can be thoughtless at times."
trustworthy = someone you can trust: "My accountant is really trustworthy."
V
volatile quickly changing moods: "He's easily excitable and pretty volatile."
W
witty = being able to make other people laugh by what you say: "He's witty and charming – the perfect person to invite to a party."
Sunday, November 14, 2010
PSLE!
WHEN YOU HAVE PSLE,SOMETIMES TAKE A BREAK.TOO MUCH DOES NOT GOOD! REST FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES. JUST SOME ADVICE. STILL YOU MUST CONTINUE TO STUDY!
20 SCIENCE FACTS ABOUT HUMAN BODY
- A human being loses an average of 40 to 100 strands of hair a day.
- A cough releases an explosive charge of air that moves at speeds up to 60 mph.
- Every time you lick a stamp, you're consuming 1/10 of a calorie.
- A fetus acquires fingerprints at the age of three months.
- A sneeze can exceed the speed of 100 mph.
- Every person has a unique tongue print.
- According to German researchers, the risk of heart attack is higher on Monday than any other day of the week.
- After spending hours working at a computer display, look at a blank piece of white paper. It will probably appear pink.
- An average human drinks about 16,000 gallons of water in a lifetime.
- A fingernail or toenail takes about 6 months to grow from base to tip.
- An average human scalp has 100,000 hairs.
- It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown.
- Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood we have only 206 in our bodies.
- Beards are the fastest growing hairs on the human body. If the average man never trimmed his beard, it would grow to nearly 30 feet long in his lifetime.
- By age sixty, most people have lost half of their taste buds. By the time you turn 70, your heart will have beat some two-and-a-half billion times (figuring on an average of 70 beats per minute.)
- Each square inch of human skin consists of twenty feet of blood vessels.
- Every human spent about half an hour as a single cell.
- Every person has a unique tongue print. Every square inch of the human body has an average of 32 million bacteria on it.
- Fingernails grow faster than toenails.
- Humans shed about 600,000 particles of skin every hour - about 1.5 pounds a year. By 70 years of age, an average person will have lost 105 pounds of skin.
FORMULAS
Distance Formula
The distance between two point in the Cartesian Plane with coordinates A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) has the formula:
This formula is dervied from the Pythagorean Theorem.
Quadratic Formula
The quadratic formula is used when finding solutions of a quadratic equation of the form:
While you may use the Quadratic Formula to solve all quadratic equations of this form, it is generally used to find the solutions of equations that cannot be factored using simple methods.
The portion of the Quadratic Formula under the square root sign is called the discriminant. If this value is negative then there are no real roots to this equation, but rather two distinct complex roots.
If there is no number in front of the second degree term (a) or the first degree term (b) it is understood that these values are 1. In math we don't usually include the 1 when writing the term. For example, in the statement x = 9 we don't typically write 1x = 9 even though that is its actual value.
Also if a term doesn't appear in an equation that value is assumed to be zero (0). Take for instance the equation x - 9 = 0. In this case the value of a is 0, b is 1, and c is -9. Although this equation can be solved easily without using the Quadratic Formula this shows how a term can be missing in an equation. Notice also that when there is a negative term we use that when placing it in the Quadratic Equation when solving.
Finally, you will notice in the Quadratic Equation the symbol:
This is read as "plus and minus". This means there are two values, one using plus (+) in this place and another using minus (-) here.
ELECTRICITY
Electricity powers our world and our bodies. Harnessing its energy is both the domain of imagined sorcery and humdrum, everyday life -- from Emperor Palpatine toasting Luke Skywalker, to the simple act of ejecting the "Star Wars" disc from your PC. Despite our familiarity with its effects, many people fail to understand exactly what electricity is. When put to the question, even acclaimed inventor Thomas Edison merely defined it as "a mode of motion" and a "system of vibrations."
In this article, we'll try to provide a less slippery answer. We'll illuminate just what electricity is, where it comes from and how humans bend it to their will.
For our first stop, we'll start small -- very small. The roots of electricity take place inside the atom itselfElectricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is both a basic part of nature and one of our most widely used forms of energy.
Electricity is actually a secondary energy source, also referred to as an energy carrier. That means that we get electricity from the conversion of other sources of energy, such as coal, nuclear, or solar energy. These are called primary sources. The energy sources we use to make electricity can be renewable or non-renewable, but electricity itself is neither renewable or nonrenewable.
Electricity Use Has Dramatically Changed Our Daily Lives
Before electricity became available over 100 years ago, houses were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coal-burning stoves.
Many scientists and inventors have worked to decipher the principles of electricity since the 1600s. Some notable accomplishments were made by Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Edison, and Nikola Tesla.
Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that lightning is electricity. Thomas Edison invented the first long-lasting incandescent light bulb.
Prior to 1879, direct current (DC) electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. In the late 1800s, Nikola Tesla pioneered the generation, transmission, and use of alternating current (AC) electricity, which reduced the cost of transmitting electricity over long distances. Tesla's inventions used electricity to bring indoor lighting to our homes and to power industrial machines.
Despite its great importance in our daily lives, few of us probably stop to think what life would be like without electricity. Like air and water, we tend to take electricity for granted. But we use electricity to do many jobs for us every day — from lighting, heating, and cooling our homes to powering our televisions and computers.
MAGNETS
Magnets are a useful objects. They are not only for holding notes and pictures to fridges. Magnets produce magnetic fields. Magnets are found in telephones, stereos, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, televisions and more.
The first primitive testimonies on magnetite came from Peter Peregrinus in 1269. Later William Gilbert did more research.
The rule of magnetism- "Like poles repel. Unlike poles attract."
It is believed that the earths magnet power comes from a current in the liquid center of the Earth causing it to become a gigantic electromagnet!
Here are some fun facts about magnets:
- -the earths magnetic field is like a bar magnet at the center
- -usually made of iron or steel-iron, nickel, cobalt
- -can be any shape
- -a magnets pull is strongest at two points-north and south poles
- -the first magnets were stones called Iodestones. The word lode means lead. The stone magnetized compass needles and helped bring sailors home.
- -the earth is a giant magnet
- -earth magnets are poweful and made from rare elements
- -some vets use magnets to retrieve wire and metal from animals stomachs
- -magnetic attracts only magnetic objects
- -magnetic forces at at distance
- -there are different types of magnets: permanent/hard, temporary/soft, electromagnets
- -the compass was used hundreds of years ago by chinese sailors
- -superconductors are the strongest magnets-made from coils of wire
- -magnet is made up of crystals
So you may wonder how magnets were discovered. Well there are legends that tell of a sheperd named Magnes some 4,000 year ago got his foot stuck to a rock because of the nails in his shoes. They called the rock magnetite. The legend and folklore grew about magnetite and it was thought to have magical powers. It was thought to heal and frighten evil spirits. It was also thought to attract and dissolve ships made of iron! It was discovered that it attracted objects made of iron. When it was discovered that it always pointed in a north-south direction it became a primitive compass and they called it a "leading stone."
Magnetite is a magnetic molecular structure found in the earth on the oceans floor. It is anywhere from 2 to 55 million years old! Earth magnets can be 20 times more powerful than a fridge magnet! These types of magnets have led to deaths and injuries in children from toys. The children eat them!
These are some fun facts about magnets. It seems the earth is one big magnet in itself which is odd. Magnets are definitely useful in our world as long as they are not ingested!
MORE SCIENCE FACTS (GRAVITY)
Objects with mass are attracted to each other, this is known as gravity.
Gravity keeps Earth and the other planets in our solar system in orbit around the Sun. It also keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth.
Tides are caused by the rotation of the Earth and the gravitational effects of the Moon and Sun.
Because Mars has a lower gravity than Earth, a person weighing 100kg (220 pounds) on Earth would only weigh 38kg (84 pounds) on Mars.
It is thought that Isaac Newton’s theories on gravity were inspired by seeing an apple fall from a tree.
While Newton’s older law of universal gravitation is accurate in most scenarios, modern physics uses Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity to describe gravity.
Acceleration of objects to due to the gravity on Earth is around 9.8 m/s2. If you ignore air resistance (drag) then the speed of an object falling to Earth increases by around 9.8 metres per second every second.
The force of gravity 100 kilometres (62 miles) above Earth is just 3% less than at the Earth’s surface.
The human body can handle increased g-forces as seen in activities such as dragster races, airplane acrobatics and space training. The highest known acceleration voluntarily experienced by a human is 46.2 g by g-force pioneer John Stapp.
While formula one racing drivers may feel around 5 g’s under heavy braking, they can experience over 100 g’s if a crash causes them to decelerate extremely quickly over a very short distance.
Some roller coasters have been known to include g-forces of around 4 to 6 g.
The higher something is, the greater its gravitational potential energy. Back in the Middle Ages, weapons called trebuchets were used to take advantage of this principle, using mechanical advantage and the gravitational potential energy of a counterweight to hurl rocks and other projectiles at or over walls. In modern times we use the gravitational potential of water to create hydroelectricity.
SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are stem cells?
Stem cells, the basic building blocks of human development, are sometimes called “magic seeds.” That’s because they can regenerate human tissue of various kinds. The use of stem cells is controversial because the best source for the cells is human embryos. Stem cells form four to five days after an egg is fertilized. These embryos must be destroyed to harvest the cells, and those opposing the research consider this the same as taking human life. Those who support stem cell research say that an embryo that is just a few days old is simply a miniscule cluster of cells and not the same as a human life. They maintain that stem cells have the potential to save human lives. Stem cells show promise in being able to one day be able to treat and cure many illnesses and diseases, such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, Parkinson's, spinal cord injuries and other medical conditions.
Why do stars twinkle?
We see the stars through the atmosphere. Their light passes through millions of miles of constantly moving pockets and streams of air, which distort the image of the stars. Even though many stars are much larger than planets, they're so far away from us that they seem smaller, like tiny dots. The distortions make it seem as if the shining lights are moving or blinking. In outer space, where there is no atmosphere, stars don't twinkle.
What causes thunder?
When a bolt of lightning shoots through the atmosphere, it heats the air to an amazing 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit in a fraction of a second. The superheated air rapidly expands, cools and then contracts, causing shock waves. These shock waves create sound waves, which we hear as thunder.
Why don't the oceans freeze?
In the Arctic and Antarctic, the oceans do freeze. The ice cap at the North Pole is entirely over ocean; the ice, however, is only a few feet deep. Oceans don't freeze solid for because they contain a lot of water, which is constantly circulating around the world. In addition, water flowing from warmer oceans (and from areas near underground volcanoes) takes off some of the chill. Another important factor is that oceans contain salt water, which has a higher freezing point than fresh water.
Why do boats float?
A steel bar dropped into water sinks, but a huge boat made of steel floats. Why? Most of the space in the boat is taken up by air. The air makes the boat less dense than water. Objects of lesser density float on liquids of greater density. This is also why holes in the bottom of a boat cause it to sink: as air floods out of the boat and water rushes in, the overall density of the boat increases to become more dense than the surrounding water.
What's the difference between bacteria and virus?
Bacteria are tiny, one-celled living organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. They live and breed in warm, moist environments in the body and elsewhere, growing quickly and causing infection. Bacterial infections can usually be treated with an antibiotic. Viruses are smaller than bacteria and cannot be seen with a microscope. They grow inside the body and produce toxins (poisons) that can cause rashes, aches and fevers. Viruses cannot be killed with antibiotics.
Why do I have brown eyes?
The genes we inherit from our parents determine things like our height, looks, hair color and eye color. This passing of characteristics from parent to child is called heredity. If your mother has brown eyes, and your father has blue eyes, there’s a good chance you’ll have brown eyes. That’s because the brown-eye gene is dominant, and the blue-eye gene is recessive. The dominant gene usually prevails over the recessive one. It’s possible, however, for you to have blue eyes if both your parents have brown eyes. They probably inherited recessive blue-eye genes from their parents and passed them on to you.
PERIMETER AND AREA FORMULARS
Square: s2 The area of a square is the length of a side squared. Rectangle: L*W The area of a rectangle is the length multiplied by the width. Circle: pi*r2 The area of a circle is pi (about 3.14) times the radius squared. Triangle: 0.5*b*h The area of a triangle is one half the base times the height. square = 4a rectangle = 2a + 2b triangle = a + b + c circle = 2pi r
SURFACE AREA FORMULAS
| Surface Area of a Cube = 6 a 2 |
In words, the surface area of a cube is the area of the six squares that cover it. The area of one of them is a*a, or a 2 . Since these are all the same, you can multiply one of them by six, so the surface area of a cube is 6 times one of the sides squared.
| Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism = 2ab + 2bc + 2ac |
In words, the surface area of a rectangular prism is the area of the six rectangles that cover it. But we don't have to figure out all six because we know that the top and bottom are the same, the front and back are the same, and the left and right sides are the same.
The area of the top and bottom (side lengths a and c) = a*c. Since there are two of them, you get 2ac. The front and back have side lengths of b and c. The area of one of them is b*c, and there are two of them, so the surface area of those two is 2bc. The left and right side have side lengths of a and b, so the surface area of one of them is a*b. Again, there are two of them, so their combined surface area is 2ab.
| Surface Area of Any Prism |
Surface Area = Lateral area + Area of two ends
(Lateral area) = (perimeter of shape b) * L
Surface Area = (perimeter of shape b) * L+ 2*(Area of shape b)
| Surface Area of a Sphere = 4 pi r 2 |
| Surface Area of a Cylinder = 2 pi r 2 + 2 pi r h |
Surface Area = Areas of top and bottom +Area of the side
Surface Area = 2(Area of top) + (perimeter of top)* height
Surface Area = 2(pi r 2) + (2 pi r)* h
In words, the easiest way is to think of a can. The surface area is the areas of all the parts needed to cover the can. That's the top, the bottom, and the paper label that wraps around the middle.
You can find the area of the top (or the bottom). That's the formula for area of a circle (pi r2). Since there is both a top and a bottom, that gets multiplied by two.
The side is like the label of the can. If you peel it off and lay it flat it will be a rectangle. The area of a rectangle is the product of the two sides. One side is the height of the can, the other side is the perimeter of the circle, since the label wraps once around the can. So the area of the rectangle is (2 pi r)* h.
Add those two parts together and you have the formula for the surface area of a cylinder.
Surface Area = 2(pi r 2) + (2 pi r)* h
ALGEBRA FORMULAS
Laws of Exponents
- (am)(an) = am+n
- (ab)m = ambm
- (am)n = amn
- a0 = 1
- (am)/(an) = am-n
- a-m= 1/(am)
Quadratic Formula
In an equation like ax2 + bx + c = 0
You can solve for x using the Quadratic Formula:
Binomial Theorem
- (a + b)1 = a + b
- (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
- (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
- (a + b)4 = a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4 ...and so on...
Difference of Squares
- a2 - b2 = (a - b)(a + b)
Rules of Zero
- 0/x = 0 where x is not equal to 0.
- a0 = 1
- 0a = 0
- a*0 = 0
10 SCIENCE FACTS P3-P6
-While we are awake our brain generates enough power to illuminate a light bulb of 25 watts
-The normal energy used in our brain is 0.1 calories per minute and could go up to 1.5 during activities such as puzzle-solving.
-While only 2% in weight the human brain requires 15% of body's heart work 20%of oxygen and 25% of all glucose
-The lightest organ in the human body is the lung
-The nerves in our body are most concentrated in our fingertips.
-Dolphins cannot stay long underwater because they breathe through their blowholes above
-Turtles and sea cucumbers can breathe through their butts
- The acceleration rate of a flea's jump is 20 times that of a space shuttle during launch
-Pineapple is a giant berry
-Our eyes can distinguish as many as 10 million distinct colour variations
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